Family Preservation, Foster Care & Reasonable Efforts
Issue Paper 1. Foster Care vs. Family Preservation: The Track Record on Safety
At the heart of the criticism of family preservation is one overriding assumption: If you remove a child from the home, the child will be safe. If you leave a child at home the child is at risk. In fact, there can be risk in either direction, but real family preservation programs have a better record for safety than foster care. Read More
Issue Paper 2. Foster Care Panics
When family preservation is abandoned, children suffer. Often, child abuse deaths actually increase. We know this because, over and over again, high-profile child abuse deaths have led to “foster care panics” – sharp sudden increases in the number of children torn from their families. And we’ve seen the consequences of those panics. Read More
Issue Paper 3. They “Erred on the Side of the Child” — Case Histories
Opponents of family preservation have a lot of great applause lines. They are for “child protection,” they say. They are for “children’s rights,” they say. They are for “putting children first instead of families first,” they say. And over and over they tell us they’re “erring on the side of the child.” But in the name of “child protection” children have been beaten. In the name of “children’s rights,” children have been raped. And in the name of “erring on the side of the child,” children have been murdered. These are the stories of some of those children Read More
Issue Paper 4. Emotional Abuse
In previous issue papers, we discussed the danger of physical and sexual abuse inherent in curbing “reasonable efforts” and severely restricting or abolishing family preservation. But there is another danger that is even more widespread: the emotional abuse that often is an inevitable part of the investigation and placement process Read More
Issue Paper 5. Who is in “The System”
Far more common than a child who comes into care because he was beaten are children who come into foster care because the foodstamps ran out or because an illness went untreated after parents were kicked off Medicaid or because a mother could not provide adequate supervision while she worked. Read More
Issue Paper 6. More About Family Policing and Poverty
It is an article of faith among “child savers” that “child abuse crosses class lines.” They tell us that we are as likely to find maltreatment in rich families as in poor, but the rich can hide from authorities. But like most child saver “truisms,” this one is false. Read More
Issue Paper 7. Family Policing and Race
By the time they are 18, more than half of all Black children will be forced to endure the trauma of a child abuse investigation. Almost always, the report will be false or a case of poverty confused with neglect. Read More
Issue Paper 8. Understanding Child Abuse Fatalities
They are the cases that horrify us the most – as they should: children killed by their own families in cases that were, in some way, “known to the system.” The knee-jerk response: Children known-to-the-system are dying so the answer must be to take away more children. In fact, that makes everything worse. Read More
Issue Paper 9. The Unreasonable Assault on “Reasonable Efforts”
Faced with overwhelming evidence of huge numbers of children needlessly placed in foster care — and what foster care was doing to these children, Congress passed a law in 1980 that included a clause requiring states and localities to make “reasonable efforts” to keep families together. … The law required “reasonable efforts” — not ridiculous efforts. And everybody knew it. But by 1997, the debate over “reasonable efforts” had taken an Orwellian turn. Read More
Issue Paper 10. What is “Family Preservation?”
Family preservation does not mean what critics say it means. The term “family preservation” has a very specific meaning. It refers to a systematic determination of those families in which children could remain in their homes or be returned home safely, and provision of the services needed to help ensure that safety. Read More
Issue Paper 11. Does Family Preservation Work?
Family preservation is one of the most intensively-scrutinized programs in all of child welfare. Several studies — and real world experience — show that Intensive Family Preservation Services (IFPS) programs that follow the Homebuilders model safely prevent placement in foster care. Read More
Issue Paper 12. Financial Incentives
Everyone in family policing pays lip service to keeping families together. But if you want to know the system’s real priorities, just look at where the money goes – because they’re sure not putting it where their mouths are. Read More
Issue Paper 13. Family Policing and Substance Use
The child savers’ approach to substance use by parents – some parents, anyway: Test pregnant women without their knowledge of consent, report anything and everything and, often, confiscate the children at birth, not only does enormous harm to the children taken, it also drives parents away from prenatal care or giving birth in a hospital. Read More
Issue Paper 14. Family Preservation and Adoption
The federal law that effectively abolished the reasonable efforts requirement, the so-called Adoption and Safe Families Act (ASFA), also requires states to seek termination of parental rights for many children in foster care for 15 of the most recent 22 months. Some state laws are even more draconian. Read More
Issue Paper 15. Just Say No to the Orphanage
Although the idea of going “back to the orphanage” gained a great deal of attention when former House Speaker Newt Gingrich brought it up, the notion was quietly pushed by child savers for many years before – and some of them are still at it. Read More
Issue Paper 16. The Failure of Mandatory Reporting
Before termination of children’s rights to their parents (a more accurate term than “termination of parental rights”), before children are torn from the arms of their families and consigned to the chaos of foster care, before someone from the family police agency (a more accurate term than “child welfare” agency) pounds on the door in the middle of the night, demands entry, interrogates and sometimes stripsearches the children as part of a traumatic investigation – before any of that, there is a call to a child abuse “hotline.” Read More
Supplemental Issue Papers
Supplemental Paper 1. Introduction: How the War Against Child Abuse Became a War Against Children
Think of “child abuse” and what comes to mind? Probably a child brutally beaten, raped or tortured by a parent. Think of “foster care” and what comes to mind? Probably a safe haven for a child of a hopeless addict whose mother just tried to sell him on the street for her next fix…That is the image of child abuse in America painted by much of the nation’s child welfare establishment.
That image is false.
By portraying horror stories of brutally abused children as the norm, America’s “child savers” (a term they gave themselves in the 19th Century) have persuaded us to cede to them unprecedented power over the lives of children. Read More
Supplemental Paper 2. Understanding Child Abuse Numbers
The problem of child abuse is serious and real, but the solutions have been phony. Child savers misstate the nature and extent of child abuse in America in order to gain public support for phony solutions. Some have even admitted as much. As noted in the introduction to these Issue Papers, they call it “health terrorism.” A first step toward real solutions is understanding what the numbers really mean. Read More
Supplemental Paper 3. False Allegations: What the Data Really Show
Of the roughly 3.1 million children investigated as a result of reports alleging child abuse every year, nearly four out of five are victims of false allegations. When you add in reports screened out at child abuse hotlines, then fully 92 percent of all children subjected to allegations of child abuse involve allegations so clearly false they were screened out or deemed false after investigation. But to a child saver, there is virtually no such thing as a false allegation of child abuse. Read More
Supplemental Paper 4. How “Child Protective Services” Really Works
All it takes to begin the potential destruction of a family is a call to one of the child protective “hotlines” in every state. The call can be made anonymously, making the hotlines potent tools for harassment. More often, false allegations are well-meaning mistakes made by people who have taken the advice of the child savers. Or they are “CYA” calls, by people required to report their slightest suspicions – people who know the report is false, but fear everything from job loss to criminal penalties if they don’t report. Read More
Supplemental Paper 5. Sexual Abuse
Because a child can be sexually abused without leaving any physical evidence, much of the debate over such abuse has revolved around the credibility of accounts purportedly given by children. In the past, the child savers portrayed this as an issue of veracity, declaring “children never lie” — and, when that proved to be preposterous, “children rarely lie.” While that is not often heard now, it’s still an article of faith in some child saver circles. But framing the issue this way is misleading. It is highly unlikely that a very young child will spontaneously pick up the phone and call a child protective hotline. Allegations of sexual abuse of children typically are brought by and filtered through adults. And that’s where the problems usually start. Read More